工业硝酸铵添加剂对乳胶基质的影响

为了改善工业硝酸铵的吸湿结块性能,通常会加入添加剂(有机包覆剂或无机改性剂),而工业硝酸铵作为乳化炸药的主要原料,其添加剂对乳化炸药的制备和性能会产生影响。因此,分别对采用有机包覆剂蜡的泰国产工业硝酸铵和采用无机改性剂的俄罗斯产工业硝酸铵,开展了制备现场散装乳胶基质的工业试验。结果表明:两类工业硝酸铵均可作为乳化炸药原材料使用,但有机包覆剂会沉入水相罐底部或粘附在输送管道内壁,对水相和乳胶基质制备造成不利影响,因此需要在水相制备环节分离去除包覆剂蜡;硝酸镁、硝酸钙等无机改性剂对乳胶基质制备无影响,但生产的乳胶基质稳定性较差,通过调整乳化剂的种类和配比以及乳化器的转速可得到一定改进。     

基于GO法的单输出爆炸逻辑网络系统可靠性分析

为有效提高爆炸逻辑网络系统可靠性水平,识别系统的薄弱环节,基于GO法(goal oriented methodology)原理建立了爆炸逻辑网络可靠性分析方法。根据某单输出爆炸逻辑网络的工作原理建立了GO图模型,并利用状态组合法进行可靠性定量计算和定性分析,结果表明单输出爆炸逻辑网络系统的可靠度为0.977,最小割集为雷管I_1、雷管I_2、雷管I_3、零门N_1和零门N_3。建立了单输出爆炸逻辑网络系统的可靠性框图,并计算了系统可靠度,结果与GO法状态组合法一致,验证了GO法运用于单输出爆炸逻辑网络可靠性分析的可行性。     

Selective molecularly imprinted polymer nanofiber sorbent for the extraction of bisphenol A in a water sample

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanofibers (MIP‐NFs) were prepared for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) in a water sample using the sol–gel process and the electrospinning technique. The effects of a number of synthesis parameters on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The successful removal of BPA from MIP‐NFs was studied using UV–visible spectroscopy. The prepared MIP‐NFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, field emission SEM, TEM and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The results showed that the required molar ratio of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to BPA was 15:1, which indicates a good performance in the rebinding test. Likewise, the molar ratio of APTES:acid:water was 1:2:9. The nylon 6 polymer solution, with a concentration of 12 wt%, showed a maximum adsorption capacity for BPA due to a decrease in the nanofiber diameter and an increase in the accessible sites. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of BPA was achieved at pH 7. Concerning the binding of BPA on MIP‐NFs, the experimental data matched well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics data and the Sips isotherm model. The saturated binding capacity for MIP‐NFs was predicted to be 115.1 mg g^?1, which was more than twice as high as that for non‐imprinted polymer nanofibers (46.82 mg g^?1). The results obtained in this study confirmed that the prepared MIP‐NFs showed considerable binding specificity for BPA in comparison with similar structural compounds such as phenol, naphthol and Naphthol AS, in aqueous solution. The binding capacity of MIP‐NFs remained almost constant after five cycles of reuse. The real sample analysis indicated that MIP‐NFs could be utilized as a useful sorbent material for the extraction of BPA from a water sample.     

低能量密度炸药连续装药光面爆破技术研究

为了提高光面爆破成型质量，提出了一种低能量密度炸药连续装药光面爆破技术，利用LS DYNA进行数值模拟，对比2#岩石乳化炸药间隔装药和低能量密度炸药连续装药的应力场，然后将此技术用于长九（神山）灰岩矿四号隧洞控制爆破和露天边坡光面爆破。结果表明：2#岩石乳化炸药间隔装药模型中，装药段与非装药段测点应力峰值相差很大；而在低能量密度炸药连续装药模型中，沿炮孔轴向相同爆心距的测点应力峰值保持一致；使用低能量密度炸药进行连续装药，能够避免装药段的过度破坏和非装药段的欠挖，提高残孔率，且省去了导爆索捆绑时间，提高周边孔装药效率，节省了爆破成本。     

A state-of-the-art review on the elaboration of fish gelatin as bioactive packaging: Special emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches

BackgroundThe last decade has noticed the expansion of green materials, which aims to reduce the human impact on the environment. Green polymers are clearly tendency subdivision of this stream and numerous bio-sourced plastics have been developed. Recent research has further focused on the development of new bio-based materials such as edible/biodegradable films for food products.Scope and approachFish gelatin (FG), a protein with recreatable reserve, biodegradability, and processability, has a remarkable potential in bio-packaging. However, there have been noticeable issues concerning the use of FG as packing material, including its low mechanical strength, poor moisture stability, and poor water barrier properties. This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art in development of FG-based films and highlights how they play a crucial role in modifying the properties of such films. Various types of nanofillers that have been included into FG to fabricate bio-nanocomposite films, such as nanoclays (montmorillonite, sepiolite), polysaccharide nanofillers (nanowhiskers/nanofibers), metal ions (silver, copper) and metal oxides nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO₂) are reviewed.Key findings and conclusionsCross-linking is a promising technique to improve the performance and applicability of FG-based biomaterials, particularly respecting their water sensitivity, which hinders many of their potential uses as food contact materials. Bio-nanocomposite technology may help to make high-performance materials with extra bio-functional properties, and it is anticipated to be a dynamic research in the future. In general, more research is required to ameliorate application processes of FG films, especially physical aspects, to be suitable for bio-packaging application.     

Flexible and Conductive 3D Printable Polyvinylidene Fluoride and Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

In this work, 3D printable gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in lithium chloride containing ethylene glycol solution are synthesized and their physicochemical properties are investigated. 3D printing is carried out with a customized stereolithography type 3D gel printer named “Soft and Wet Intelligent Matter‐Easy Realizer” and free forming GPE samples having variable shapes and sizes are obtained. Printed PVDF/PDMAAm‐based GPEs exhibit tunable mechanical properties and favorable thermal stability. Electrochemical proprieties of the printed GPEs are carried out via impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 25–90 °C by varying PVDF content. Ionic conductivity as high as 6.5 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 is achieved at room temperature for GPE containing low PVDF content (5 wt%) and conductivity of the GPEs is increased as temperature rises.     

木质素化学降解及其在聚合物材料中应用的研究进展

木质素是自然界储量丰富的可再生天然酚类高分子，可替代传统化石资源应用于聚合物材料合成。木质素分子结构中的大分子刚性骨架可赋予材料独特的力学性能和热稳定性。但木质素化学组成和分子结构复杂、反应活性低，限制了在聚合物材料领域的应用。化学降解是一种高效、高选择性且应用广泛的降解方法，经化学降解处理得到的木质素低聚物具有活性官能团多、反应活性高、溶解性好等优点，有利于拓展木质素在聚合物材料领域的高附加值应用。重点综述了近年来国内外有关木质素化学降解及其降解产物应用于聚合物材料的研究进展。     

含氟无皂乳液P(CTFE-IBVE-SUA)的合成及性能研究

通过无皂乳液聚合法制备得到聚(三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基异丁基醚-十一烯酸钠)[P(CTFE-IBVE-SUA)]含氟乳液。考察了单体配比对聚合反应的影响,研究了SUA用量对乳液及聚合物性能的影响,并对聚合物的结构及乳胶粒的形貌进行了测定。结果表明:含氟无皂乳液P(CTFE-IBVE-SUA)的稳定性好、粒径分布均匀;改变单体配比中IBVE和CTFE的比例可以得到不同结构的含氟聚合物乳液;SUA用量对乳液的稳定性、乳胶粒的粒径大小及粒径分布、聚合物膜与水的接触角都有很大的影响;制得的乳液具有明显的核壳结构。     

One‐shot radical polymerization of vinyl monomers with different reactivity accompanying spontaneous delay of polymerization for the synthesis of double‐network hydrogels

Double‐network hydrogels were conveniently synthesized by the one‐shot radical polymerization of an ionic monomer for the first network and a non‐ionic monomer for the second network in the presence of crosslinkers by simultaneous addition of the monomers, that is, one‐shot and spontaneous two‐step polymerization accompanying the delay of polymerization of a second network monomer. We analyzed the polymerization process based on the conversion of each monomer during the reaction in the absence of crosslinkers. Then we fabricated the double‐network hydrogels using several polymerization systems consisting of a conjugated monomer and a non‐conjugated monomer in the presence of the dual crosslinkers. We analyzed the swelling, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of hydrogels synthesized by one‐shot radical polymerization to confirm the production mechanism and the network structure of the hydrogels. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

二甲醚球形扩散火焰的熄火机理研究

采用改进的PREMIX模型及"化学爆炸模式分析(CEMA)"方法,对二甲醚(DME)球形扩散火焰的熄火机理进行数值诊断,分析环境氧气摩尔分数(X_(O_2))及详细基元反应对熄火极限的影响,利用"爆炸因子"和"分岔因子"的概念,确定控制DME球形扩散火焰熄火的关键反应动力学因素。结果表明:DME冷焰具有比热焰更宽的可燃范围;冷焰对X_(O_2)的敏感性弱很多,热焰中具有正特征值的CEM首次出现在最高温度处;在熄火极限附近,CEM的特征值变为虚数,说明熄火伴随着振荡;热焰的熄火主要由小分子所参与的高温反应所控制,而冷焰熄火主要由大分子所参与的低温反应所控制。